![[ APA Reference Citations In Text ]](apaparBanner.jpg)
Note: Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association manual, 5th ed., for more examples of reference citations in text, page 207, beginning with section 3.94.
| Author(s) Name in Text of Paper | Author(s) Name in Reference Citations In Text |
| One
Author: Meldrem has noted that Web Usability Studies are commonly conducted in libraries (2000). |
One
Author: Web Usability Studies are commonly conducted in libraries (Meldrem, 2000). |
| Two
Authors: Meldrem and Johnson argue that libraries should adapt rapidly to change (2002). |
Two
Authors: Other authors also agreed that libraries should adapt rapidly to change (Meldrem & Johnson, 2002). |
| Three,
Four, Five Authors (cite all authors the first time the reference occurs;
in subsequent citation, include the surname of the first author followed
by et al): First Citation: Baudino, Ury and Wainscott (1999) also highlight the importance of the issue. Subsequent Citations: Baudino et al (1999) highlighted another important issue. |
Three,
Four, Five Authors (cite all authors the first time the reference occurs;
in subsequent citation, include the surname of the first author followed
by et al): First Citation: This is an important issue highlighted by additional authors (Baudino, Ury, & Wainscott, 1999). Subsequent Citations: The other important issues were also highlighted (Baudino et al, 1999). |
| Six
or More Authors (include the surname of the first author followed by et
al): Apparently, Mardis et al (2003) agree entirely with this point. |
Six or More Authors (include the surname of the first author followed by et
al): Apparently, other authors agree entirely with this point (Mardis et al, 2003). |
| Referencing
Work with No Author -- use the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) |
Referencing
Works by Authors with the Same Surname -- include author's initials |
| Web
Usability Studies are commonly conducted in libraries ("Benefits
of Usability Studies," 2002). (Note: article or chapter titles are enclosed in quotation marks; book, periodical, web page, brochure or report titles are italicized) |
R. D. Frizzell (2001) and T. R. Frizzell (1998) see various points of view. |
Note: Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association manual, 5th ed., for more examples of reference citations in text specific parts of a source, page 213, section 3.101.
| Referencing
Direct Quotes or Paraphrases from Specific Sections of Print Sources -- include author, date, page or chapter numbers |
Referencing
Direct Quotes or Paraphrases from Web Sources -- include author, date, paragraph numbers |
| They stated, "active
learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical
concepts" (Baudino & Wyatt,
2004, p. 17). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate "active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts" (p. 17). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate the following: active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts (p. 17) |
They
stated, "active
learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical
concepts" (Baudino & Wyatt,
2004, ¶ 7). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate "active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts" (¶ 7). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate the following: active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts (¶ 7) |
 |
For additional examples, see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed., 808.066 A51p, Library Services Desk, 1st Floor, Owens Library. |
 |
For more online examples of parenthetical referencing, go to the University of Wisconsin's Writing Center. |