Note: Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association manual, 6th ed., for more examples of reference citations in text, page 174, beginning with section 6.11.

Author(s) Name in Text of Paper	Author(s) Name in Reference Citations In Text
One Author: Meldrem has noted that Web Usability Studies are commonly conducted in libraries (2000).	One Author: Web Usability Studies are commonly conducted in libraries (Meldrem, 2000).
Two Authors: Meldrem and Johnson argue that libraries should adapt rapidly to change (2002).	Two Authors (cite both author names in every reference): Other authors also agreed that libraries should adapt rapidly to change (Meldrem & Johnson, 2002).
Three, Four, Five Authors (cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citation, include the surname of the first author followed by et al.): First Citation: Baudino, Ury, and Wainscott (1999) also highlight the importance of the issue. Subsequent Citations: Baudino et al. (1999) highlighted another important issue.	Three, Four, Five Authors (cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citation, include the surname of the first author followed by et al.): First Citation: This is an important issue highlighted by additional authors (Baudino, Ury, & Wainscott, 1999). Subsequent Citations: The other important issues were also highlighted (Baudino et al., 1999).
Six or More Authors (include the surname of the first author followed by et al): Apparently, Mardis et al. (2003) agree entirely with this point.	Six or More Authors (include the surname of the first author followed by et al.): Apparently, other authors agree entirely with this point (Mardis et al., 2003).

Referencing Work with No Author -- use the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title)	Referencing Works by Authors with the Same Surname -- include author's initials
Web usability studies are commonly conducted in libraries ("Benefits of usability studies," 2002). (Note: article or chapter titles are enclosed in quotation marks; book, periodical, web page, brochure or report titles are italicized)	R. D. Frizzell (2001) and T. R. Frizzell (1998) see various points of view.

Note: Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association manual, 5th ed., for more examples of reference citations in text specific parts of a source, page 213, section 3.101.

Referencing Direct Quotes or Paraphrases from Specific Sections of Print Sources or PDF documents -- include author, date, page or chapter numbers

Referencing Direct Quotes or Paraphrases from Web Sources -- include author, date, paragraph numbers

They stated, "active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts" (Baudino & Wyatt, 2004, p. 17). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate "active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts" (p. 17). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate the following: active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts (p. 17)

They stated, "active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts" (Baudino & Wyatt, 2004, ¶ 7). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate "active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts" (¶ 7). Baudino and Wyatt (2004) advocate the following: active learning promotes critical thinking and direct application of critical concepts (¶ 7)

 

For additional examples, see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.,  808.066 A51p 2010, on Reserve at the Library Services Desk, 1st Floor, Owens Library.

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APA Citation Style Examples

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