Northwest Missouri State University B.D. Owens Library

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[ APA Citation Style Examples ]

5th Edition
Help with Citing
Sample Manuscript
Database/Service
Citation Makers
Web Sites: Creating Citations & Works Cited in MS Word 2007 (Movie)

[Planet]  Citing Full Text Sources:

ACM Portal

EBSCOhost

Gale

JSTOR

CountryWatch

Mergent Online

Opposing Viewpoints

CQ Researcher

ERIC Document

Facts.com

WilsonWeb

LexisNexis Academic

LexisNexis Congressional

Online Book

Online Annual Report

Web Page

       Organization Web Site

Internet Article based on a print source

Government Doc.
Web Pages
[Source]  Citing traditional Sources: (Hardcopy, Microfiche, or Microfilm)
Book Journal Magazine Newspaper
NOTE: Examples on this page follow conventions from the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association with additional recommendations offered by social sciences faculty at Northwest Missouri State University.

ACM Portal Full-Text Examples

Citation Note

For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

ACM Portal JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Francis-Cobley, P. P., & Coward, A. D. (2004). Voice over IP versus voice over frame relay. International Journal of Network Management, 14, 223-230. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from ACM Portal database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Francis-Cobley & Coward, 2003)

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ACM Portal Proceedings published regularly (every year, two years, etc.) Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the Paper . Title of the Proceedings, Place of Publisher: Publisher, volume number if available, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Meyerowitz, C. P., Pinello, C., & Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. (2003). Tool support for architectural decisions in embedded systems: A tool for describing and evaluating hierarchical real-time bus scheduling policies. Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Design Automation, New York: ACM Press, 312-317. Retrieved February 13, 2005, from ACM Portal database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Meyerowitz, Pinello, & Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, 2003)

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Mergent Online Full-Text Examples

Citation Note

For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Section of Company Details Tab Example:
Publisher. (Date of publication). Title. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Mergent. (2005). Amazon.com, Inc.: History. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Mergent Online database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Amazon.com, 2005)

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Generate Report from Mergent Online Example:
Publisher. (Date of publication). Title. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Mergent. (2003). Ford Motor: Comparison report. Retrieved July 30, 2003, from Mergent Online database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Ford Motor, 2003)

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Credo Reference

For further help citing a nonperiodical (book chapter), consult item 4.07 on page 223 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Credo Reference Article Example:
Title of Article. (Date of Publication). In Editor(s)(Eds.) ,Title of book. City of Publisher: Publisher. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Ballet and theatrical dance.(2003). In Salisbury, J. E. (Eds.), The Harvard dictionary of music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press . Retrieved August 27, 2008, from Credo Reference database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Ballet, 2003)

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Daily Life through History Premium

For further help citing a nonperiodical (book chapter), consult item 4.07 on page 223 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Daily Life Online Example:
Author(s) of Entry. (Date of Publication). Title of Article . In Editor(s)(Eds.), Title of book (Vol. volume #). City of Publisher: Publisher. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Salisbury, J. E., & Morris, L. (2004). 15th and 16th centuries: Domestic life introduction. In Salisbury, J. E. (Eds.), Greenwood encyclopedia of daily life (Vol. 3). Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group . Retrieved August 27, 2008, from Daily Life Online database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Salisbury & Morris , 2004)

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EBSCOhost Full-Text Examples

Citation Note

For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

EBSCOhost JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View EBSCOhost Record
Strauch, I. (2003). Examining the nature of holism within lifestyle. Psychological Record, 50, 221-235. Retrieved January 1, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Strauch, 2003)

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EBSCOhost JOURNALS Paginated by Issue Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number (issue number), Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View EBSCOhost Record
Hanson, F. A. (1999). Zero effect: The year 2000 computer crisis. Society, 36(2), 68-74. Retrieved June 1, 2000, from Academic Search Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hanson, 1999)

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EBSCOhost MAGAZINE Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, Volume Number, Page Numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from the [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Flora, C. (2004, January/February). Close quarters. Psychology Today, 37, 15-17. Retrieved January 20, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Flora, 2004)

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EBSCOhost NEWSPAPER Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Newspaper, pp. Page Numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Baron, D. (2003, December 19). Sharing inside information. Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. C1, C2. Retrieved January 1, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Baron, 2003)

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Business Source Premier Document
SWOT Analyses, Company Profiles, Industry Profiles Example:
Title of the document. (Year of publication). City of Publisher: Publisher. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View Business Source Premier Record
A-Mark Financial Corporation SWOT analysis. (2003). London: Datamonitor. Retrieved January 1, 2005, from Business Source Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(A-Mark Financial Corporation, 2003)

Business Source Premier Document
Country Reports and Market Research Reports Example:
Author(s)/Editor(s). (Year of publication). Title of document. City of Publisher: Publisher. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View Business Source Premier Record
Coleman, D. Y. (Ed.). (2005). Angola country review. Houston: CountryWatch Incorporated. Retrieved January 1, 2005, from Business Source Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Coleman, 2005)

EBSCOhost Trade Periodical Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Brookman, F. (2007, September 3). Beauty moves front and center at select Targets.  WWD: Women's Wear Daily, 194, 10.  Retrieved August 24, 2007, from Business Source Premier database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Brookman, 2007)
Note: If volume number is not present in the article record in the database, omit it from your citation.

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WilsonWeb Full-Text Examples


Citation Note

For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

WilsonWeb JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View WilsonWeb Record
Ennemoser, M., Roth, E., & Schneider, W. (1999). Kindergarten prevention of dyslexia: Does training in phonological awareness work for everybody? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32, 429-436. Retrieved May 19, 2000, from Education Full-Text database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Ennemoser, Roth, & Schneider, 1999)

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WilsonWeb JOURNALS Paginated By Issue Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number (issue number), Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View WilsonWeb Record
Hanson, F. A. (1999). Zero effect: The year 2000 computer crisis. Society, 36(2), 68-74. Retrieved June 1, 2000, from Education Full-text database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hanson, 1999)

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WilsonWeb MAGAZINE Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Perry, B. D. (2000, November/December). The development hot zone. Scholastic Early Childhood Today, 15, 30-31. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from Education Full-text database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Perry, 2000)

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WilsonWeb NEWSPAPER Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Hebel, S. (2004, February 13). Patrolling professors' politics. The Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. 13-14. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from Education Full-text database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hebel, 2004)

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LexisNexis Academic Universe Full-text Examples

Citation Note

View additional LexisNexis Academic Universe examples of entry elements needed to cite magazines and newspapers, Supreme Court cases, and the U.S. Code. Note of caution: LexisNexis examples should be used to indicate what entry elements are needed in a reference list citation and may not conform strictly to the recommendations of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.

For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

LexisNexis Academic Universe JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Starting page number. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Post, R. C. (2003). Fashioning the legal constitution: Culture, courts, and law. Harvard Law Review, 117. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic database.

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LexisNexis Academic Universe JOURNALS Paginated By Issue Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number (issue number), Starting page number. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Hanson, F. A. (1999). Zero effect: The year 2000 computer crisis. Society, 36(2), 68. Retrieved June 1, 2000, from Education Full-text database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hanson, 1999)

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LexisNexis Academic Universe MAGAZINE Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Starting page number. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Denby, D. (2003, October 13). Dead reckoning. The New Yorker, p. 112. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Denby, 2003)

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LexisNexis Academic Universe Newspaper Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Newspaper, p. Starting Page Number. Retrieved [date of access], from the [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Lyttle, B. (2004, January 20). Six feet undergraduate. Village Voice, p. 60. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Lyttle, 2004)

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LexisNexis Academic Universe Court Decision Example:
Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Year Decided). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View this Academic Universe/LexisNexis Record
Fillove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (1980). Retrieved May 19, 2000, from Academic Universe database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Filllove v. Klutznick, 1980)
For further help citing court decisions, consult item D.03 on page 399 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

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LexisNexis Academic Universe Company Profile Example:
Name of Company. (Date of publication). Type of Report. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Nike, Inc. (2006, February 7). Hoover's Company Records - Basic Record. Retrieved February 8, 2006, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Nike, 2006)

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LexisNexis Academic Universe SEC Filings Example:
Name of Company. (Date of publication). Form Type. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Nike, Inc. (2005, May 31). Form 10-K. Retrieved February 8, 2006, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Nike, 2005)

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LexisNexis Public Opinion Research Example:
Title of the Survey(Abbreviate long titles). (Date of publication). Public Opinion Online. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
What would you say is the most important accomplishment of the Iraq war? (2007, September 9). Public Opinion Online. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(What would you say , 2007)

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LexisNexis Congressional Full-text Examples

View additional LexisNexis Congressional examples of entry elements needed to cite electronic, print and microfiche congressional publications. Note of caution: LexisNexis examples should be used to indicate what entry elements are needed in a reference list citation and may not conform strictly to the recommendations of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.

LexisNexis Congressional Federal Bill Example:
Name of Bill, Bill #, [Congress #] Cong. (Year Bill). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View this LexisNexis Congressional Record
A Bill to Amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, S. 608, 106th Cong. (1999). Retrieved January 25, 2004, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(S. 608, 1999)

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LexisNexis Bill Tracking Report Example:
Name of Bill, Bill #, [Congress #] Cong. (Year Bill). In [Bill Tracking Report Name]. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View this LexisNexis Congressional Record
Uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism (USA Patriot Act) Act, H. R. 3162, 107th Cong. (2001). In 107 Bill Tracking Report H. R. 3162. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(107 Bill Tracking Report H. R. 3162, 2001)

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Academic Universe/LexisNexis Federal Testimony of one person in a hearing Example:
Name of Hearing, [Congress #] Cong. (Year of Hearing). (testimony of [name of the person giving the testimony]. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Consumer and mechanic access to industry information on car parts: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection, of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, 109th Cong. (2005). (testimony of James Kohm). Retrieved November 16, 2005, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Consumer and mechanic access, 2005)

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Academic Universe/LexisNexis Entire Federal Hearing Example:
Hearing Title, Chamber of Congress, [Congress #] Cong. (Year of Hearing). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Report of the National Commission on Terrorism: Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence, Senate, 106th Cong. (2000). Retrieved January 25, 2004, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Report of the National Commission on Terrorism, 2005)

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Academic Universe/LexisNexis Congressional Record Example:
Name of Speaker. (Date). Title. Congressional Record, volume(issue). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Senator Biden. (2002, May 09). Statements on introduced bills and resolutions. Congressional Record, 148(58). Retrieved November 18, 2005, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Senator Biden, 2002)

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Academic Universe/LexisNexis Committee Report Example:
Report #. (Year). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Senate Report 108-344. (2004). Retrieved November 18, 2005, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Senate Report 108-344, 2004)

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Academic Universe/LexisNexis Federal Statute Example:
Act name or chapter title, Volume Source § # (Year). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
North American Free Trade Act, 19 USCS § 3301 (2005). Retrieved November 18, 2005, from LexisNexis Congressional database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(North American Free Trade Act, 2005)

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Government Document Web Page Examples

Citation Note


Government Document Web Page State Statute Example:
Chapter title, Source § # (Year). Retrieved [date of access], from [URL]
Reference List Example:
Firearms, authority to carry, department's duties, training --rulemaking procedure, Missouri Revised Statutes § 217.710 (2005). Retrieved November 18, 2005, from http://www.moga.state.mo.us/statutes/c200-299/2170000710.htm
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Firearms, 2005)

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Government Document Web Page State Bill Example:
Name of State Bill, State Bill #, Chamber of State Assembly Name (Year of Bill). Retrieved [date of access], from [URL]
Reference List Example:
Relating to Public K-12 Instruction, S. 0028, Florida, Senate. (2005). Retrieved January 25, 2005, from http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/index.cfm?Mode=Bills&SubMenu= 1&BI_Mode=ViewBillInfo&BillNum=0028&Year=2006&Chamber=Senate#BillText
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(S. 0028, 2005)

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Government Document Web Page Federal Government Agency Publication:
Sponsoring Agency. (Date). Title. Retrieved [date of access], from [URL]
Reference List Example:
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2005, December 20). Occupational outlook handbook, 2006-07: Accountants and auditors. Retrieved January 12, 2006, from http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos001.htm
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(U.S. Department of Labor, 2006)

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JSTOR Full-Text Examples

Citation Note


For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

JSTOR JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Strauch, I. (2003). Examining the nature of holism within lifestyle. Psychological Record, 50, 221-235. Retrieved January 1, 2004, from JSTOR database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Strauch, 2003)

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JSTOR JOURNALS Paginated by Issue Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number (issue number), Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Hanson, F. A. (1999). Zero effect: The year 2000 computer crisis. Society, 36(2), 68-74. Retrieved June 1, 2000, from JSTOR database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hanson, 1999)

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CountryWatch Examples

Citation Note

Country Review Example:
Name of editor. (Ed.). (Date of creation). Country name: Name of section. Retrieved [date of access], from CountryWatch Country Review.
Reference List Example:
Youngblood-Coleman, D. (Ed.). (2006). Sudan: Political condition. Retrieved February 8, 2006, from CountryWatch Country Review.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Youngblood-Coleman, 2006)

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Country Wire Example:
Title of article. (Date of creation). Retrieved [date of access], from CountryWatch Country Wire.
Reference List Example:
Argentina: Haitian president-elect Rene Preval to visit Bueno Aires. (2006, March 2). Retrieved [February 8, 2006], from CountryWatch Country Wire.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Argentina, 2006)

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Country Data Example:
Name of country, years: CountryWatch data - data results. (Date of creation). Retrieved [date of access], from [URL]
Reference List Example:
India 2004, 2005: CountryWatch data - data results. (2006, February 8). Retrieved February 8, 2006, from http://www.countrywatch.com/data/results.aspx?ele=MTL,MCS&cnt=IN&yrs=2004,2005
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(India, 2006)

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Facts.com Example

Citation Note


Facts.com World News Digest Example:
Title of the article. (Date of publication). Facts on File World News Digest. Retrieved [date of access], from Facts.com database.
Reference List Example:
Congressional report on September 11 attacks: Excerpts. (2003, July 31). Facts on File World News Digest. Retrieved January 24, 2004, from Facts.com database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
("Congressional report," 2004)

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Facts.com Issues and Controversies Example:
Title of the article. (Date of publication). Issues & Controversies. Retrieved [date of access], from Facts.com database.
Reference List Example:
Reconstruction of Iraq. (2003, July 11). Issues & Controversies. Retrieved February 12, 2004, from Facts.com database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
("Reconstruction of Iraq," 2003)

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Facts.com NEWSPAPER Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved [date of access], from Facts.com database.
Reference List Example:
Smith, B. J. (2003, July 30). Editorial opinion: U.S. congressional 9/11 report released. The Cincinnati Post. Retrieved October 22, 2003, from Facts.com database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Smith, 2003)

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Gale Full-Text Examples

Citation Note

For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Gale JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View Gale Record
Sato, T. (2003). Sociotropy and autonomy: The nature of vulnerability. Journal of Psychology, 137, 447-467. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from OneFile database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Sato, 2003)

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Gale JOURNALS Paginated by Issue Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number (issue number), Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Hanson, F. A. (1999). Zero effect: The year 2000 computer crisis. Society, 36(2), 68-74. Retrieved June 1, 2000, from OneFile database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hansen, 1999)

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Gale MAGAZINE Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, Volume Number, Page Numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example: View Gale Record
Reisner, A. (2001, March). A psychological case study of 'demon' and 'alien' visitation. Skeptical Inquirer, 25, 46-63. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from OneFile database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Reisner, 2001)

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Gale Newspaper Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Newspaper, pp. Page Numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Kramer, P. (2003, July 26). Tapping the mood gene. New York Times, p. A13. Retrieved January 1, 2004, from the OneFile database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Kramer, 2003)

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CQ Researcher Example

Citation Note

CQ Researcher Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database
Reference List Example:
Hatch, D. (2003, June 6). Drug company ethics. The CQ Researcher Online, 13. Retrieved July 4, 2003, from CQ Researcher database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hatch, 2003)
NOTE: To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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ProQuest Example

Citation Note

ProQuest Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database
Reference List Example:
Whalen, J . (2008, October 3). Bayer unit looks for health-care deals. Wall Street Journal, B6. Retrieved October 3, 2008, from ProQuest database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Whalen, 2008)
NOTE: To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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Web Page Example

Citation Note

For further help citing nonperiodical documents on the Internet, consult items 75-78 on pages 273 and 274 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Web Page Example:
Author/editor. (Date of page creation or last revision). Full title of the web page. Retrieved [Date accessed], from [URL]
Reference List Example:
Green, C. (2000, April 16). History & philosophy of psychology web resources. Retrieved May 22, 2000, from http://www.yorku.ca/dept/psych/orgs/resource.htm
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Green, 2000)

  For more examples of how to cite Web pages, please access the official online APA Style guidelines.

  Note: The 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association recommends that you test the URLs in your reference list as you work on the draft of your paper. If the document you refer to moves, update the URL appropriately. If the the document becomes no longer available, substitute another source or drop the unavailable source entirely from your paper. If the URL of a source listed for your paper does not work, the credibility of your paper or argument will suffer.

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Online Annual Report Example

For further help citing nonperiodical documents on the Internet, consult items 75-78 on pages 273 and 274 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Web Page Example:
Company Name. (Date of page creation or last revision). Annual Report Title. Retrieved Date accessed, from URL
Reference List Example:
Microsoft Corporation. (2008). Microsoft Corporation: Annual report 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/annual_report/ar_05/index.jsp
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Nike, 2005)

  Note: The 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association recommends that you test the URLs in your reference list as you work on the draft of your paper. If the document you refer to moves, update the URL appropriately. If the the document becomes no longer available, substitute another source or drop the unavailable source entirely from your paper. If the URL of a source listed for your paper does not work, the credibility of your paper or argument will suffer.

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Book Examples

Chapters in Books
For further help citing books, brochures, and book chapters, consult section C items 23-40 on pages 248-255 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Books with one Author:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of book. City of Publisher: Publisher.
Reference List Example: View Library Catalog Record for First Book
Carter, R. (1998). Mapping the mind. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Carter, 1998)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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For further help citing books, brochures, and book chapters, consult section C items 23-40 on pages 248-255 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Edited Books:
Editor(s)(Eds.). (Date of Publication). Title of Book. City of Publisher: Publisher.
Reference List Example:
Cacioppo, J. T., & Tassinary, L. (Eds.). (1990). Principles of psychophysiology: Physical, social, and inferential elements. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Cacioppo & Tassinary, 1990)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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For further help citing books, brochures, and book chapters, consult section C items 23-40 on pages 248-255 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Chapters in Books:
Author(s) of Chapter. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s)(Eds.), Title of Book (pp. page numbers). City of Publisher: Publisher.
Reference List Example:
Stern, J. A., & Dunham, D. N. (1990). The ocular system. In Cacioppo, J. T., & Tassinary, L.G. (Eds.), Principles of psychophysiology: Physical, social, and inferential elements (pp. 513-553). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Stern & Dunham, 1990)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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For further help citing books, brochures, and book chapters, consult section C items 23-40 on pages 248-255 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Reference Book Example:
Editor(s)(Eds.). (Date of Publication). Title of Reference Book(s). (Edition, Vol. volume #). City of Publisher: Publisher.
Reference List Example:
Turner, J. (Ed.). (1996). The dictionary of art. (Vol. 1-34D). New York: Grove's Dictionaries.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Turner, 1996)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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For further help citing books, brochures, and book chapters, consult section C items 23-40 on pages 248-255 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Entry in a Reference Book Example:
Author(s) of Entry. (Date of Publication). Title of Chapter. In Editor(s)(Eds.), Title of book (Edition, Vol. volume #, pp. Page Numbers). City of Publisher: Publisher.
Reference List Example:
French, F. M. (2003). Catastrophic forgetting in connectionist networks. In Nadel, L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cognitive science (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 431-435). New York: Nature Publishing Group.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(French, 2003)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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Journal Examples

For further help citing journal articles, consult items 1-4 on page 240 and 241 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

JOURNALS With Continuous Pagination Example:
Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, volume number, Page Numbers.
Reference List Example:
Wasserman, E. A. (1998). Comparative cognition: Beginning the second century of the study of animal intelligence. Psychological Bulletin, 391, 218-219.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Wasserman, 1998)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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For further help citing journal articles, consult items 1-4 on page 240 and 241 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

JOURNALS Paginated By Issue Example:
Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, Volume number (Issue Number), Page Numbers.
Reference List Example:
Hanson, F. A. (1999). Zero effect: The year 2000 computer crisis. Society, 36(2), 68-74.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Hanson, 1999)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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Magazine Example

For further help citing journal articles, consult item 6 on page 241 and 242 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Magazine Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, Volume Number, Page Numbers.
Reference List Example:
Ratnersar, R. (1999, January 25). The homework ate my family. Time, 153, 54-63.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Ratnersar, 1999)



Note: BusinessWeek does not use volume numbers. Issue numbers are not required so omit them if present.


BusinessWeek Magazine Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, Inclusive Page Numbers.
Reference List Example:
Brahm, L . (2008, September 22). The missing link in your portfolio? Your job. BusinessWeek, 92-93.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Brahm, 2008)


To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

 

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Newspaper Example

For further help citing newspaper articles, consult items 9, 10 and 11 on pages 242 and 243 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Newspaper Example:
Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of the Newspaper, pp. Page Numbers.
Reference List Example:
Wyatt, E. (1999, February 16). Old stocks, new technology, more questions. New York Times, pp. C1, C3.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Wyatt, 1999)
To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.

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ERIC Document Example

Citation Note

  Since Web versions of ERIC documents are exact copies of the documents in microform collections and since there is no example in the fifth edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for this type of electronic document, cite the Web document as a microform document. If you only view the Web version include Electronic Version in brackets after the title or report number as indicated below.
For further help citing a report available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), consult item 43 on page 257 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Books with one Author:
Author/editor. (Date of publication). Full Title (Report No. if present) [Electronic Version]. Location of Corporate Source: Corporate Source. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED#)
Reference List Example:
Linn, R. L. (Ed.). (2000). Assessments and accountability (Report No. EDO-TM-00-10) [Electronic Version]. College Park, MD: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED447220)
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Linn, 2000)

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Online Book Example

Entire Book


Entire Online Book Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of Book. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Loxley, J. (2001). Complete critical guide to Ben Jonson. Retrieved February 8, 2006, from ebrary database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Loxley, 2001)

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Chapter in an Online Book Example:
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of Chapter. In Editors (Eds.), Title of Book (pp. 87-51). Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
Reference List Example:
Roccatagliati, A. (2004). Italian theatre of Verdi's day. In Balthazar, S. L. (Ed.), Cambridge companion to Verdi . Retrieved March 8, 2009, from ebrary database.
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(Roccatagliati, 2004)

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Organization Web Site Example

Organization Web Site Example:
Organization. (Date of publication). Title of Page. Retrieved [date of access], from [url]
Reference List Example:
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Give life. Retrieved November 14, 2006, from https://www.givelife.org
Reference Citation In Text Example:
(American Red Cross)

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Personal Communications

Note: As stated in section 3.102, page 214 of the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, personal communications include letters, memos, some electronic communications, personal interviews, and telephone conversations. Because personal communications do not have "recoverable data", they are not included in the reference list and cited in text only. Give the surname and first initials of the communicator (the person being interviewed or speaking in the communication) and an exact date. If the name of the communicator is given in the text, include the exact date in the in text citation according to the first example below.

Personal Communication In Text Example:
(Communicator, personal communication, Date of communication)
Reference Citation In Text Example:
B. D. Smith (personal communication, September 27, 1999)
(Linn, F. B., personal communication, October 12, 2000)

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Sample Manuscript

Note:
  • A sample manuscript is available in Chapter 5, page 306, Figure 5.1, of the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Reserve, 808.066 A51p, Library Services Desk, 1st Floor). Contained in this sample are examples of notes, references, tables, and figures.
  • Follow this link to view a PDF document with a sample APA manuscript provided by Bedford/St. Martin's book publisher, created and maintained by Diana Hacker of Prince George's Community College - Sample Paper APA Style
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    Citing Abstracts

    Note:
  • Examples of how to cite abstracts as original source and an abstract from a secondary source (print periodical) are available in Chapter 4, page 245, of the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Reserve, 808.066 A51p, Library Services Desk, 1st Floor).
  • Examples of how to cite abstracts of doctoral dissertations and master's theses are available in Chapter 4, page 260-61, of the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
  • Follow this link to view How to Cite Sources: APA Style - DISSERTATIONS, THESES, & PRACTICUMS, created and maintained at the Alvin Sherman Library of Nova Southeastern University.
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    Work in a Secondary Source

    Note:
  • Examples of how to cite a work discussed in a secondary source are available in Chapter 4, page 247, of the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Reserve, 808.066 A51p, Library Services Desk, 1st Floor).
  • Enter the secondary source in your reference list. Name the original work in the text and cite the secondary source as an in-text citation. If Johnson and Wyatt's study is cited in Ury but you did not read Johnson and Wyatt but found information from their study cited in Ury used the following format:
    		•

    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    Johnson and Wyatt's study (as cited in Ury, 2003)
    Reference List Entry:
    Ury, C. (2003). Perception and misconception: Information gathering attitudes. Psychological Review, 120, 350-360.

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    Online Only Journal

    Online Only Journal Example:
    Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of the Periodical, Volume number (Issue Number). Retrieved [date of access], from [url]
    Reference List Example:
    Simons, J. (2007). Narrative, games, and theory. Game Studies, 7(1). Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://gamestudies.org/0701/articles/simons
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Simons, 2007)

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    Internet Article based on a print source

    Note: This example is not intended for use with full text articles found in aggregated databases from vendors like EBSCOhost, Gale, or LexisNexis. It is not intended for full text articles from online only journals like the example above.

    Internet Article based on a print source Journal Example:
    Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of article [Electronic version]. Title of the Periodical, Volume number (Issue Number), Page Numbers.
    Reference List Example:
    Hogan, R . (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past [Electronic version]. American Psychologist, 63(3), 182-196.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Hogan, 2008)

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    To locate additional citation examples, consult Style Manuals on Reserve.


    Note:

  • Two elements of articles citations found in full-text on Web aggregated databases like EBSCOhost and Gale are not fully considered in the conventions established in the 5th edition of the APA style manual.
  • Some articles citations use issue numbers in addition to volume numbers. If an article citation includes an issue number, do not italicize the issue number and include it in parentheses as follows - Psychological Records, 50(2),.
  • Many article citations do not give inclusive page numbers but instead use a format like this - 352(5). This means that the article starts on page 352 and is five pages long. If this format is used it has been recommended by Northwest social sciences faculty to assume that the inclusive page numbers would start on page 352 and continue for five consecutive pages as follows - 352-357.
  • Internet only journals, magazines, and newspapers follow the same format as print periodical examples except page numbering is omitted (Internet only publications typically have no page numbering) and they include a date retrieved and the URL for the article. An example for an Internet only journal and newsletter is available in the 5th edition Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association on page 272, section I. 72. and 74. respectively.
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    Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center Full-Text Examples


    Citation Note

    Media
    For further help citing periodical articles obtained from aggregated databases, consult item 88 on page 279 of the 5th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

    Opposing Veiwpoints Viewpoints Essays (Viewpoints Tab) From Books Example:
    Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of essay. In Editor Name(s) (Ed(s).), Title of the Book, City, State: Publisher. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database
    Reference List Example:
    Taylor, J., & VanDoren, P. (2006). Alternative energy should not be pursued. In C. A. Bily (Ed.), Global Warming. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Taylor & VanDoren, 2006)

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    Opposing Viewpoints Magazine Article (Magazines Tab)
    With No Volume or Issue Numbers Example:
    Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Samuelson, R. J. (2007, August 20). Greenhouse simplicities. Newsweek, 47. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Samuelson, 2007)
    Opposing Viewpoints Magazine Article (Magazines Tab)
    With Volume & Issue Numbers Example:
    Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Title of the Periodical, volume number (issue #), Inclusive page numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Lemonick, M. D. (2007, August 6). Islands of life. Time, 170(5), 47. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Lemonick, 2007)



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    Opposing Viewpoints Reference Article Example:
    Author(s) of Entry. (Year of Publication). Title of Chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of book (Edition.). City of Publisher: Publisher. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Spear, J. E. (2003). Carbon emissions trading. In Bortman, M, Brimblecombe, P., & Cunningham, M. A. (Eds), Environmental encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Spear, 2003)

    Opposing Viewpoints Academic Article (Academic Journals Tab)
    With No Issue Number Example:
    Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of the Journal, Volume number, Inclusive Page Numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Smith, D. (2007). FP online poll results. Foreign Policy, 159, 99. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Smith, 2007)
    Opposing Viewpoints Academic Article (Academic Journals Tab)
    With Volume and Issue Numbers Example:
    Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of the Journal, Volume number(Issue Number), Inclusive Page Numbers. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Fleming, J. R. (2007). Climate engineers. The Wilson Quarterly, 31(2), 46-61. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:

    (Fleming, 2007)

    Opposing Viewpoints Newspaper Article (News Tab) Example:
    Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of the Newspaper, pp. Page Numbers.Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Egelko, B. (2007, September 13). Californians hail emissions ruling. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A1. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Egelko, 2007)

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    Opposing Viewpoints Media Transcript (Media Tab) Example:
    Host(s). (Show Host). (Year, Month Day). Title of broadcast [Broadcast transcript]. Title of the News Show. Retrieved [date of access], from [name of database] database.
    Reference List Example:
    Idstie, J. (Show Host). (2007, August 24). Religion, history shape Iraq's relationship with Iran [Broadcast transcript]. National Public Radio. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.
    Reference Citation In Text Example:
    (Idstie, 2007)

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    APAStyle.org

    APAStyle.org

    This site provides guidelines on APA documentation style for electronic reference
    authorized by the American Psychological Association.

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    Citing Sources

    Revised (July 2, 2009)
    Created (August 1996)
    Current Author: Frank Baudino
    Links Verified (October 2008)